The Pranayama Mantra refers to a class of sacred sounds and syllables used to regulate and enhance the flow of prana (life force) during breath-control practices. The term 'pranayama' itself is derived from 'prana' (vital energy) and 'ayama' (extension or expansion), as codified in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (Yoga Sutra 2.49-2.53). These mantras are not merely vocal utterances but are considered vibrational tools that align the practitioner's subtle energy channels (nadis) and chakras. The most fundamental of these is the 'So Hum' mantra, which is a natural resonance of the breath: 'So' on inhalation and 'Hum' on exhalation. This mantra is described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (4.21-4.23) as a means to still the mind and attain samadhi.
Another key mantra is 'Om Pranaya Swaha', which directly invokes the deity Prana as the cosmic life force. The Pranava (Om) itself is central, as stated in the Mandukya Upanishad (verse 1), representing the entire cycle of creation, preservation, and dissolution. The beej-akshara (seed syllable) 'Pram' is sometimes used to energize the prana vayu. Traditional purposes include calming the mind, activating the body's natural healing mechanisms, and preparing for deeper meditation. The recommended chanting context is during pranayama practice, typically in a seated posture (asana) with a straight spine, at dawn or dusk.
The count is often 108 repetitions using a japa mala, or synchronized with the breath cycle (e.g., 1:4:2 ratio for inhalation, retention, exhalation). According to the Shiva Samhita (3.10-3.12), pranayama with mantra leads to purification of nadis and awakening of kundalini. Cautions: Those with respiratory or cardiac conditions should practice under guidance. The mantras should not be chanted mechanically but with awareness of the breath and energy flow. The Pranayama Mantra thus serves as a bridge between the gross physical breath and the subtle pranic currents, ultimately leading to self-realization.
I am That (the Supreme Reality).
The mantra 'So'ham' is not a beej mantra but a natural resonance of breath. However, 'Om' is the Pranava beej. 'Pram' is a beej for prana vayu, but not in this mantra.