The Simantonnayana (hair-parting) is the third of the garbhādhāna-related samskāras, performed in the fourth month of pregnancy. The ritual is prescribed in the Gr̥hya Sūtras, such as the Āśvalāyana Gr̥hya Sūtra (1.13) and the Pāraskara Gr̥hya Sūtra (1.15), which detail the procedure and mantras. The ceremony involves the husband parting the wife's hair upward with a bundle of kuśa grass, a porcupine quill, or a branch of a sacred fig tree, while reciting Vedic mantras. The primary mantra is from the Ṛgveda (10.184.1): "Viṣṇur yonim kalpayatu..." which invokes Viṣṇu, Prajāpati, and Dhātā to prepare the womb and protect the fetus.
Another key mantra is from the Atharvaveda (6.81.1), which prays for the protection of the garbha (embryo) from demons and harm. The beejākṣara "Gām" is often associated with the Dhanvantari mantra for health. The ritual's purpose is to ensure the fetus's physical and spiritual well-being, prevent miscarriage, and promote safe delivery. The mantras are chanted with offerings of fruits, grains, and water.
The recommended time is during the śukla pakṣa (waxing moon) on an auspicious day, typically in the morning. The chanting count is usually 108 times for each mantra. Cautions: The mantras should be recited by a qualified priest or the husband after proper initiation; the pregnant woman should be in a calm state. The ritual is considered a protective karmic shield for the mother and child, aligning with the principles of garbha saṃskāra.
May Viṣṇu prepare the womb.