The Harihara Mantra is a sacred invocation addressing the combined form of Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara), symbolizing the non-dual unity of preservation and destruction. This mantra finds its textual origin in the Puranas and Agamas, particularly in the Skanda Purana and the Shiva Purana, where Harihara is described as a manifestation of the Supreme Brahman. The beej-akshara (seed syllable) 'Om' is often prefixed, as in 'Om Hariharaya Namah', aligning with the tradition of pranava as the primordial sound.
The phoneme 'Ha' in Hari and Hara represents the element of space (akasha) and the vital breath (prana), while 'Ra' denotes fire (agni) and transformation, together signifying the cosmic interplay of forces. According to the Mantra Mahodadhi, this mantra is chanted for the harmonization of the Vaishnava and Shaiva traditions, fostering an understanding that Vishnu and Shiva are not separate but two aspects of the same ultimate reality. The traditional purpose includes attaining moksha (liberation) by realizing the unity of the Trimurti, as well as worldly benefits such as removal of obstacles, protection from negative forces, and promotion of peace.
The recommended chanting context is during the twilight hours (sandhya), with a count of 108 repetitions using a rudraksha or tulsi mala, depending on the practitioner's inclination. Ritual setting may involve a clean space with an image or yantra of Harihara, and offerings of bilva leaves and tulsi. Cautions include the need for proper initiation (diksha) from a qualified guru, as the mantra combines energies of two major deities and may be potent for those unsteady in their practice.
Additionally, the Devi Mahatmya and Lalita Sahasranama allude to the unity of Shiva and Shakti, which complements the Harihara concept, though the mantra itself is primarily sourced from the Puranic and Agamic traditions.
Salutations to Harihara, the unified form of Vishnu and Shiva.
The mantra includes the pranava 'Oṁ' as the seed syllable. The syllables 'Ha' and 'Ra' in 'Hari' and 'Hara' represent akasha (space) and agni (fire) respectively, symbolizing cosmic forces.